Safeguarding Your Home Before a Flood

August 18, 2011

The best time to protect your home from a flood is well before the floodwaters are lapping at your front door. Even if you don't ever expect to be affected by a flood, it's a smart idea to take precautions that can minimize the damage if the unexpected does occur.

When the weather is dry

Start preparing now, so you have time to do things right.

Know your flood risk. Get a flood map of your community from either your local emergency management office or online at floodsmart.gov. If projected flood elevations are available, you will have a better idea of how much damage you could experience.

Buy flood insurance. This special policy is separate from your homeowner's policy. It is offered through the Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) and covers only flooding. Most regular home insurance policies do not cover flooding. Flood insurance is often required in high-risk areas but is also important in low-risk areas, because even a small flood can easily cause tens of thousands of dollars in damage. A policy takes effect 30 days after you buy it, so get one early.

Protect your electrical system. Make sure your fuse or circuit-breaker box, electrical outlets, and switches are at least 12 inches above projected flood levels. Raise them if necessary. Use ground fault interrupter (GFI) outlets in any area that might get wet, regardless of height. Hire a licensed electrician to do this work.

Check your sump pump. If you don't have one, install one, and test it periodically. Install a battery backup, too.

Install backflow valves. Put these in all sewer connections to stop water from backing up into your home.

Anchor fuel tanks. Make sure floodwaters won't knock them over and that vents are above projected flood levels.

When a flood is predicted

When the National Weather Service predicts flooding in your area, take these additional steps:

Block water from entering. Cover doors and windows with sheets of plywood or metal. Alternatively, stack sandbags to create a levee. Silicone sealant can seal cracks that may allow water seepage.

Move as much as possible to high places. Put electrical appliances and furniture on the highest level of your home. If you only have one floor, raise items on blocks to 12 inches above likely flood levels. Also put your washer, dryer, water heater and furnace on cement blocks if possible.

Remember carpets, personal items, and important papers, too. Seal papers in plastic bags or waterproof safes for extra protection.

Secure outdoor items. If they start to float away, they can be dangerous to you and others.

Turn off utilities. Just before you evacuate, or before water enters, shut down gas, electricity and water at the main connections.

You should have a disaster file ready in case you need to evacuate. It should have copies of your flood insurance policy and other insurance papers, agent contact information, and an inventory of valuables and other major household items. When possible, include serial numbers and receipts. This information will help when you file a flood insurance claim.